Global Compact for Migration | International Organization for Migration

Liaison and Policy

On 19 September 2016 Heads of State and Government came together for the first time ever at the global level within the UN General Assembly to discuss issues related to migration and refugees. This sent a powerful political message that migration and refugee matters had become major issues squarely in the international agenda. In adopting the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, the 193 UN Member States recognized the need for a comprehensive approach to human mobility and enhanced cooperation at the global level.

Annex II of the New York Declaration set in motion a process of intergovernmental consultations and negotiations towards the development of a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. This process concluded on 10 December 2018 with the adoption of the Global Compact by the majority of UN Member States at an Intergovernmental Conference in Marrakesh, Morocco, followed closely by formal endorsement by the UN General Assembly on 19 December.

The Global Compact is the first inter-governmentally negotiated agreement, prepared under the auspices of the United Nations, covering all dimensions of international migration in a holistic and comprehensive manner. It is a non-binding document that respects states’ sovereign right to determine who enters and stays in their territory and demonstrates commitment to international cooperation on migration. It presents a significant opportunity to improve the governance of migration, to address the challenges associated with today’s migration, and to strengthen the contribution of migrants and migration to sustainable development. The Global Compact is framed in a way consistent with target 10.7 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in which Member States committed to cooperate internationally to facilitate safe, orderly and regular migration. The Global Compact is designed to:

• Support international cooperation on the governance of international migration;
• Provide a comprehensive menu of options for States from which they can select policy options to address some of the most pressing issues around international migration; and
• Give states the space and flexibility to pursue implementation based on their own migration realities and capacities.

Putting people at the heart of migration governance, the Global Compact is anchored in human rights and calls for the respect, protection and fulfilment of the human rights of all migrants, regardless of their migration status. Its 10 guiding principles promote a gender-responsive and child-sensitive approach to migration governance and prioritize the well-being of migrants and the members of communities in countries of origin, transit and destination.

The Global Compact also recognizes that migration is a multidimensional reality that cannot be addressed by one country or one government policy sector alone and promotes a whole-of-government approach to ensure horizontal and vertical policy coherence across all sectors and levels of government. The Global Compact also promotes a whole-of-society approach to address migration in all its dimensions by including migrants, diasporas, local communities, civil society, academia, the private sector, parliamentarians, trade unions, national human rights institutions, the media and other relevant stakeholders in migration governance.

To ensure its effective implementation, Member States highlighted the importance that the GCM includes a call for voluntary follow-up and review. At the global level, the International Migration Review Forum (IMRF), which will be held every four years beginning in 2022, will serve as the primary intergovernmental platform to discuss and share progress on the implementation of all the objectives of the GCM]. At the regional level, The Regional Review Conference, which will be held every two years, will provide a platform for Member States and all relevant stakeholders to review the implementation of the GCM to effectively inform each edition of the IMRF in line with the 360-degree approach in their respective regions.

The New York Declaration

For the first time on 19 September 2016 Heads of State and Government came together to discuss, at the global level within the UN General Assembly, issues related to migration and refugees. This sent an important political message that migration and refugee matters have become major issues in the international agenda. In adopting the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, the 193 UN Member States recognized the need for a comprehensive approach to human mobility and enhanced cooperation at the global level and committed to:

• Protect the safety, dignity and human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their migratory status, and at all times;
• Support countries rescuing, receiving and hosting large numbers of refugees and migrants;
• Integrate migrants – addressing their needs and capacities as well as those of receiving communities – in humanitarian and development assistance frameworks and planning;
• Combat xenophobia, racism and discrimination towards all migrants;
• Develop, through a state-led process, non-binding principles and voluntary guidelines on the treatment of migrants in vulnerable situations; and
• Strengthen global governance of migration, including by bringing IOM into the UN family and through the development of a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration

Annex II of the New York Declaration set in motion a process of intergovernmental consultations and negotiations culminating in the planned adoption of the Global Compact for Migration at an intergovernmental conference on international migration in 2018.

What are the aims of the Global Compact for Migration?

The Global Compact is framed consistent with target 10.7 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in which Member States committed to cooperate internationally to facilitate safe, orderly and regular migration and its scope is defined in Annex II of the New York Declaration. It is intended to:

• Address all aspects of international migration, including the humanitarian, developmental, human rights-related and other aspects;
• Make an important contribution to global governance and enhance coordination on international migration;
• Present a framework for comprehensive international cooperation on migrants and human mobility;
• Set out a range of actionable commitments, means of implementation and a framework for follow-up and review among Member States regarding international migration in all its dimensions;
• Be guided by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda; and
• Be informed by the Declaration of the 2013 High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development.

The development of the Global Compact for Migration - an open, transparent and inclusive process

The Modalities Resolution for the intergovernmental negotiations of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration outlined the key elements and timeline of the process. The Global Compact was developed through an open, transparent and inclusive process of consultations and negotiations and the effective participation of all relevant stakeholders, including civil society, the private sector, academic institutions, parliaments, diaspora communities, and migrant organizations in both the intergovernmental conference and its preparatory process.

For more information see “GCM Development Process“ and the United Nations Network on Migration